Clinical and neuroscience evidence supports the critical importance of patient expectations and agency in opioid tapering
Beth D. Darnall, Howard L. Fields
Abstract
aDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States bDepartment of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco CA, United States Corresponding author. Address: Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1070 Arastradero Rd, Suite 200, MC 5596, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States. Tel.: (650) 497-0484. E-mail address: [email protected] (B.D. Darnall). Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Received January 25, 2021 Received in revised form July 29, 2021 Accepted August 04, 2021 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.