The anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects of polysaccharides from <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> by regulating macrophage polarization <i>via</i> the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway
Guo-li Li, Jiafeng Tang, Tan Wen-li, Tao Zhang, Di Zeng, Shuang Zhao, Jianhua Ran, Jing Li, Ya-ping Wang, Di-long Chen
Abstract
, the phagocytic activity and NO production of macrophages were increased by GLPS treatment. Moreover, it was discovered that GLPS was able to increase the expression of the M1 phenotype marker CD86, iNOS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines comprising IL-12a, IL-23a, IL-27 and TNF-α, but inhibited macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype by decreasing the expression of CD206, Arg-1, and inflammation-related cytokines comprising IL-6 and IL-10. The data suggest that GLPS may regulate macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, GLPS increased the phosphorylation of MEK and ERK. In addition, the phosphorylation of IκBα and P65 was increased by GLPS treatment. These data showed that GLPS can regulate the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway responsible for M1 polarization. In a nutshell, our research puts forward a new application of GLPS in anti-HCC treatment by regulating macrophage polarization through activating MAPK/NF-κB signaling.