An Overview of Metal Complexes, Metal-Free and Natural Photosensitizers in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Sharad A. Mahadik, Habib M. Pathan, Sunita Salunke‐Gawali
Abstract
A lot of interest has been shown in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as possible options for converting renewable energy sources.This review explores the latest developments in DSSCs, emphasizing the wide variety of photosensitizers used.Metal complexes, metal-free, novel naphthoquinone photosensitizers, and natural photosensitizers are all covered in the discussion; each has unique qualities and benefits that help to increase the effectiveness of DSSCs.In DSSCs, metal complexes are essential for bettering charge separation and light absorption.The complicated coordination chemistry of metal complexes allows for customized control of their optical and electrical characteristics, which enhances their performance in solar cells.Ruthenium-based photosensitizers have demonstrated high stability, efficient absorption of natural visible sunlight, and excellent redox properties.In contrast, organic and metal-free photosensitizers have become more popular because they are less expensive and better for the environment.The search for metal-free substitutes creates opportunities to develop scalable and sustainable solar cell technology.Natural photosensitizers offer a renewable and environmentally friendly approach to DSSC technology due to their exceptional light-harvesting properties and biocompatibility.The photosensitizer, electrolyte, counter electrode, and photoanode interact intricately in the