Sex differences in dementia and response to a lifestyle intervention: Evidence from Nordic population‐based studies and a prevention trial
Shireen Sindi, Ingemar Kåreholt, Tiia Ngandu, Anna Rosenberg, Jenni Kulmala, Lena Johansson, Hanna Wetterberg, Johan Skoog, Linnea Sjöberg, Hui‐Xin Wang, Laura Fratiglioni, Ingmar Skoog, Miia Kivipelto
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Evidence on sex differences in the risk for dementia has been mixed. The goal was to assess sex differences in the development of dementia, and in the effects of a lifestyle intervention. METHODS: Two strategies were adopted, one using combined data from three large Nordic population-based cohort studies (n = 2289), adopting dementia as outcome, and 2-year multidomain lifestyle intervention (n = 1260), adopting cognitive change as outcome. RESULTS: There was higher risk for dementia after age 80 years in women. The positive effects of the lifestyle intervention on cognition did not significantly differ between men and women. Sex-specific analyses suggested that different vascular, lifestyle, and psychosocial risk factors are important for women and men in mid- and late-life. CONCLUSION: Women had higher risk for dementia among the oldest individuals. Lifestyle interventions may be effectively implemented among older men and women.