Composition, texture, sensorial quality, and biological activity after <i>in vitro</i> digestion of durum wheat pasta enriched with carrot waste extract encapsulates
Gordana Ćetković, Vanja Šeregelj, Andrea Brandolini, Jasna Čanadanović‐Brunet, Vesna Tumbas Šaponjac, Jelena Vulić, Olja Šovljanski, Dragana Četojević‐Simin, Dubravka Škrobot, Anamarija Mandić, Lorenzo Estivi, Alyssa Hidalgo
Abstract
Aim of this research was to evaluate durum-wheat pasta enriched with encapsulated carrot waste extracts in oil, obtained by freeze drying (FDE) or spray drying techniques (SDE). Five pastas (control, enriched with 10% FDE, or 10% SDE, or 20% FDE, or 20% SDE) were evaluated for furosine, carotenoids, tocols, colour, in vitro bioactivities, cooking performance, texture and sensory quality. The encapsulates added to the enriched pastas α-carotene (0.58–1.24 mg/kg), β-carotene (1.43–3.29 mg/kg), cis-β-carotene (0.51–1.11 mg/kg) and total tocols (10.9–33.6 mg/kg). The carotenes were stable and the tocols diminished (-13%) during pasta manufacturing; both decreased (2–18% and 4–15%, respectively) during cooking, but they were still more abundant in the enriched pastas. Antioxidant, anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities after in vitro digestion of cooked pastas improved, while sensory acceptability of control and 10% enriched pastas were similar. The encapsulates addition significantly improved the nutritional and technological qualities of durum-wheat pasta.