Improving the Stability of Water-in-Oil Emulsions with Medium Internal Phase by the Introduction of Gelatin
Lei Zhang, Yong Yu
Abstract
The water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion with a medium aqueous phase may be limited in food and cosmetics due to its poor stability and high cost. Herein, this work proposed a facile strategy to improve the W/O emulsion stability by introducing gelatin. The influence of different gelatin concentrations (0, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, and 4.0%) on the stability and properties of W/O emulsions was mainly investigated. Results showed that the obtained emulsions still belonged to W/O emulsions after adding gelatin to the aqueous phase. As the gelatin concentration increased (0~4.0%), the interfacial tension decreased, which is conducive to promoting the interface adsorption of polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR). Furthermore, introducing gelatin also improved the water-holding capacity (WHC) (33.50~6.32%) and viscosity of W/O emulsions and reduced the droplet size (37.47~8.75 μm) of emulsions. The enhanced interfacial adsorption and aqueous gelation induced by gelatin addition promoted the formation of a tight overall emulsion network structure by the interaction between the interfacial adsorbed PGPR, as well as PGPR and gelatin in the aqueous phase. The enhancement of the overall network effectively improved the storage stability (35 d), thermal stability (20 min, 80 °C), and freeze-thaw stability (10 cycles) of emulsions, especially at 4.0% gelatin concentration. Hence, this study can provide guidance for the improvement and regulation of the stabilities of W/O emulsions.