Novel hybrid thiazoles, bis-thiazoles linked to azo-sulfamethoxazole: Synthesis, docking, and antimicrobial activity
Mostafa E. Salem, Ismail A. Abdelhamid, Ahmed H. M. Elwahy, Mohamed A. Ragheb, Arwa Sultan Alqahtani, Magdi E. A. Zaki, Faisal K. Algethami, Huda K. Mahmoud
Abstract
The reaction of sulfamethoxazolehydrazonoyl chloride with thiosemicarbazones, bis-thiosemicarbazones, or 4-amino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole in dioxane in the presence of triethylamine as a basic catalyst at reflux resulted in the regioselective synthesis of thiazoles and bis-thiazoles linked to azo-sulfamethoxazole as novel hybrid molecules. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed using a range of spectra. Each compound's antibacterial properties were evaluated using the agar well-diffusion technique, and most of them demonstrated significant potency. In silico investigations revealed that the described compounds had strong interactions with the binding sites of MurE ligase, tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, and dihydropteroate synthase, demonstrating inhibitory activity.