Hybrid nanofluid mass and heat transport characteristics over a swirling cylinder with modified Fourier heat flux and gyrotactic microorganisms
P. Sreedevi, P. Sudarsana Reddy
Abstract
The current study investigates the impact of gyrotactic microorganisms on mass and heat transport of Williamson hybrid nanoliquid, prepared with copper (Cu) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) as nanoparticles and ethylene glycol (EG) as base liquid, through a swirling cylinder with Christov–Cattaneo heat flux. The convective-type boundary conditions are also considered in this study. The appropriate similarity variables technique is employed to renovate the modeled partial differential equations (PDEs) into the ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The finite element method is implemented to solve the set of ordinary differential equations together with boundary conditions. The profiles of radial velocity, density of microorganisms, concentration of nanoparticles, temperature and tangential velocity of hybrid nanofluid for relevant parameters, such as thermal relaxation parameter (0.5≤𝛾≤2.0), suction parameter (0.1≤V0≤0.7), bio-convection Lewis number (1.0≤Sb≤1.6), Prandtl number (2.2≤Pr≤8.2), volume fraction parameter of Cu nanoparticles 0.01≤ϕ1≤0.04, chemical reaction parameter 0.1≤Cr≤0.7, magnetic field parameter 0.1≤M≤0.7, Peclet number 0.1≤Pe≤0.7, volume fraction parameter of Al2O3 nanoparticles 0.01≤ϕ2≤0.04, Reynolds number 0.5≤Re≤2.0, Biot number 0.2≤Bi≤0.8 and Weissenberg number 0.5≤We≤0.8, are shown in diagrams. Furthermore, the values of local density of microorganisms, rates of velocity, heat and mass transport rates for various parameters are also calculated numerically and revealed in tables. The important findings reveal that temperature profiles of hybrid nanofluid enlarge with rising values of We, and the density of motile microorganisms profiles impedes as the values of Sb improve.