Practical implementation of silicon-based negative electrodes in lithium-ion full-cells—challenges and solutions

Abstract

Chapter Contents: 11.1 Introduction 11.1.1 Lessons learned from commercialized battery cells based on lithium-alloying anodes 11.1.2 Can we directly transform the knowledge gained from graphite anodes to Si anodes? 11.2 Impact of Si-addition to lithium-ion cells: performance and application 11.2.1 Key metrics for practical Si anode-based lithium-ion cells 11.2.1.1 Cycle and calendar life 11.2.1.2 Efficiencies of redox reactions: impact on cycle life and power (rate capability) 11.2.1.3 Specific energy and energy density 11.2.1.4 Cost: from material cost to cell cost 11.2.1.5 Safety 11.2.2 Impact of Si-addition on the performance characteristics of lithium-ion cells 11.2.3 Silicon in commercial LIB cells: state of the art and markets for Si-based cells 11.3 Challenges for practical implementation of Si-based negative electrodes in lithium-ion battery full-cells 11.3.1 Studies of Si-based materials in Li metal cells: opportunities, pitfalls, and lessons learned 11.3.2 Studies of Si-based materials in lithium-ion full-cells: considerations for anode/cathode capacity balancing and challenges with respect to active lithium losses 11.3.3 Challenges for implementation Si-based materials in practical lithium-ion cell formats: electrolyte drying-out and electrode swelling 11.4 Strategies for the development of advanced Si-based lithium-ion full-cells 11.4.1 Material concepts toward practical usage of Si-based anodes 11.4.1.1 Silicon/graphite blends as anode material 11.4.1.2 Major recent results on Si-based LIB full-cells 11.4.2 Electrode formulation and binder development 11.4.3 Pre-treatment and pre-lithiation strategies for Si-based negative electrodes 11.4.4 Electrolyte development 11.4.4.1 Salt anions 11.4.4.2 Electrolyte additives 11.5 Conclusion and future perspectives References

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