A cluster based routing for maximizing the lifetime of underwater wireless sensor network using gravitational search algorithm

Abstract

• The proposed methodology optimises the routing paths that adapt to the topology of the UWSN networks. • The proposed methodology improves the load balancing characteristics of the UWSN network. • The proposed methodology ensures better longevity and reliability. • The proposed methodology decreases the computational load for moderate node densities. • The proposed methodology delivers a higher throughput compared to the existing methodologies. Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSN) is a type of Wireless Sensor Network that branches from Ad Hoc networks. This type of network is designed to investigate and explore underwater environments and oceans. The UWSN network interconnects multiple sensory devices, forming a temporary communication network that forwards the data. Due to the attenuation issue, UWSN uses an acoustic modem for transmission and reception. The energy depletion of UWSN is comparatively higher than Terrestrial Wireless Sensor Networks (TWSN) as it uses an acoustic modem, and the channel mitigations in UWSN are of a higher order than TWSN. Due to this, extensive research is being undertaken worldwide to increase the lifetime of a UWSN network. This paper focuses on the clustering-based routing of the devices using the Gravitational Search Algorithm. The proposed algorithm works in four phases: exploration phase, clustering phase, routing phase, and transmission phase. Also, the proposed algorithm works well for higher and lower node densities. The proposed GSA shows 33.06 %, 11.77 %, and 57.2 % improvements compared to EECMR, EERBLC, and conventional LEACH, respectively. The proposed GSA has been compared with competitive meta-heuristic algorithms, including Particle Swarm Optimization, Whale Optimization Algorithm, and Moth Flame Optimizer.

Topics & Concepts