Chelating the Alpha Therapy Radionuclides <sup>225</sup>Ac<sup>3+</sup> and <sup>213</sup>Bi<sup>3+</sup> with 18-Membered Macrocyclic Ligands Macrodipa and Py-Macrodipa
Aohan Hu, Victoria Brown, Samantha N. MacMillan, Valery Radchenko, Hua Yang, Luke Wharton, Caterina F. Ramogida, Justin J. Wilson
Abstract
The radionuclides 225Ac3+ and 213Bi3+ possess favorable physical properties for targeted alpha therapy (TAT), a therapeutic approach that leverages α radiation to treat cancers. A chelator that effectively binds and retains these radionuclides is required for this application. The development of ligands for this purpose, however, is challenging because the large ionic radii and charge-diffuse nature of these metal ions give rise to weaker metal–ligand interactions. In this study, we evaluated two 18-membered macrocyclic chelators, macrodipa and py-macrodipa, for their ability to complex 225Ac3+ and 213Bi3+. Their coordination chemistry with Ac3+ was probed computationally and with Bi3+ experimentally via NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Furthermore, radiolabeling studies were conducted, revealing the efficient incorporation of both 225Ac3+ and 213Bi3+ by py-macrodipa that matches or surpasses the well-known chelators macropa and DOTA. Incubation in human serum at 37 °C showed that ∼90% of the 225Ac3+–py-macrodipa complex dissociates after 1 d. The Bi3+−py-macrodipa complex possesses remarkable kinetic inertness reflected by an EDTA transchelation challenge study, surpassing that of Bi3+−macropa. This work establishes py-macrodipa as a valuable candidate for 213Bi3+ TAT, providing further motivation for its implementation within new radiopharmaceutical agents.