The Global Prevalence of Class 1 Integron and Associated Antibiotic Resistance in <i>Escherichia coli</i> from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections, a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Mehrdad Halaji, Awat Feizi, Arezoo Mirzaei, Hadi Sedigh Ebrahim‐Saraie, Amirhossein Fayyazi, Ali Ashraf, Seyed Asghar Havaei
Abstract
Objectives: The present systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of class 1 integrons and their associated antibiotic resistance in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted to identify studies meeting our inclusion criteria in the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar electronic databases to the end of July 2019. Finally, 35 articles were selected for data extraction, and meta-analysis was performed using the metaprop program in the STATA, version 11.0, software. Results: The pooled prevalence of class 1 integrons was 47% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40–54), ranging from 6% to 90%. There was significant heterogeneity among the 35 studies (χ 2 = 840.37; p < 0.001; I 2 = 95.95%). The results of the subgroup analysis based on characterization of patients indicated that pooled prevalence of class 1 integrons was 52% (95% CI: 41–63; n = 14 studies) and 43% (95% CI: 34–54; n = 19 studies) in hospitalized and community patients, respectively. The lowest and highest prevalence of antibiotic resistance was observed for imipenem and ampicillin, respectively. According to the results of Begg's and Egger's tests, we did not find significant publication bias both in the included studies and in the subgroup analysis. Conclusions: The results show the high prevalence of class 1 integrons and high level of antibiotic resistance in association with those among uropathogenic E. coli . Moreover, the prevalence of class 1 integrons in Asian countries, as well as hospital-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI), was higher than in other countries and community-acquired UTI.