The Mechanism Underlying the Extreme Sensitivity of Duck to Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>
Kuntan Wu, Minjie Liu, Huanbin Wang, Shahid Ali Rajput, Yajing Shan, Desheng Qi, Shuai Wang
Abstract
Most metabolites of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), especially exo‐AFB 1 ‐8,9‐epoxide (AFBO), can induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to vary degrees, causing oxidative stress and liver damage, and ultimately induce liver cancer in humans and animals. Duck is one of the most sensitive animals to AFB 1 , and severe economic losses are caused by duck AFB 1 poisoning every year, but the exact mechanism of this high sensitivity is still unclear. This review highlights significant advances in our understanding of the AFB 1 metabolic activation, like cytochrome P450s (CYPs), and AFB 1 metabolic detoxification, like glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) in poultry. In addition, AFB 1 may have other metabolic pathways in poultry, such as the mutual conversion of AFB 1 and aflatoxicol (AFL) and the process of AFBO to produce AFB 1 ‐8,9‐dihydrodiol (AFB 1 ‐dhd) and further metabolize it into detoxification substances. This review also summarized some exogenous regulatory substances that can alleviate AFB 1 ‐induced oxidative stress.