Construction of High-Energy Low-Sensitivity Energetic Materials: Selective Nitration of Structural Isomers
Xin Lai, Zhi Li, Hanghong Fan, Caijin Lei, Wei Hu, Hongwei Yang, Jie Tang, Chuan Xiao, Guangbin Cheng
Abstract
3,4-Dinitro-1 H -pyrazole is a high-performance energetic framework and serves as a key unit in energetic material design. In addition, the design of nitrogen-rich energetic materials through isomers has remained a central focus. This study reports a novel strategy that employs the isomer of energetic heterocyclic precursors to enhance activity in nitration reactions. We achieved the transformation of cyano into nitro by nitrating and successfully obtained bis(dinitropyrazole) compound 5 . Compound 5 exhibits a desirable combination of high energy density and low sensitivity (D v = 8879 m s –1, ρ = 1.85 g cm –3, IS = 22 J), outperforming 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (D v = 8795 m s –1, ρ = 1.80 g cm –3, IS = 7.4 J) and achieving an optimal balance between energy and safety.