Effects of gradient high-field static magnetic fields on diabetic mice
Biao Yu, 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院强磁场与离子束物理生物学重点实验室, 强磁场实验室, 安徽 合肥, 230031, 中国, Chao Song, Chuanlin Feng, Jing Zhang, Ying Wang, Yiming Zhu, Lei Zhang, Xinmiao Ji, Xiaofei Tian, Guofeng Cheng, Weili Chen, Vitalii Zablotskii, Hua Wang, Xin Zhang, 中国科学技术大学研究生院科学岛分院, 安徽 合肥, 230026, 中国, 安徽大学物质科学与信息技术研究院, 安徽 合肥, 230601, 中国, 捷克科学院物理研究所, 布拉格, 18221, 捷克共和国, 安徽医科大学第一附属医院肿瘤科, 安徽 合肥, 230022, 中国, 国际磁生物学前沿研究中心, 科学岛, 安徽 合肥, 230031, 中国
Abstract
Although 9.4 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been tested in healthy volunteers, its safety in diabetic patients is unclear. Furthermore, the effects of high static magnetic fields (SMFs), especially gradient vs. uniform fields, have not been investigated in diabetics. Here, we investigated the consequences of exposure to 1.0–9.4 T high SMFs of different gradients (>10 T/m vs. 0–10 T/m) on type 1 diabetic (T1D) and type 2 diabetic (T2D) mice. We found that 14 h of prolonged treatment of gradient (as high as 55.5 T/m) high SMFs (1.0–8.6 T) had negative effects on T1D and T2D mice, including spleen, hepatic, and renal tissue impairment and elevated glycosylated serum protein, blood glucose, inflammation, and anxiety, while 9.4 T quasi-uniform SMFs at 0–10 T/m did not induce the same effects. In regular T1D mice (blood glucose ≥16.7 mM), the >10 T/m gradient high SMFs increased malondialdehyde (<i>P<</i>0.01) and decreased superoxide dismutase (<i>P<</i>0.05). However, in the severe T1D mice (blood glucose ≥30.0 mM), the >10 T/m gradient high SMFs significantly increased tissue damage and reduced survival rate. <i>In vitro</i> cellular studies showed that gradient high SMFs increased cellular reactive oxygen species and apoptosis and reduced MS-1 cell number and proliferation. Therefore, this study showed that prolonged exposure to high-field (1.0–8.6 T) >10 T/m gradient SMFs (35–1 380 times higher than that of current clinical MRI) can have negative effects on diabetic mice, especially mice with severe T1D, whereas 9.4 T high SMFs at 0–10 T/m did not produce the same effects, providing important information for the future development and clinical application of SMFs, especially high-field MRI.