Photoinduced Dynamics at the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Water</mml:mtext><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>TiO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn>101</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> Interface
Michael Wagstaffe, Adrián Domínguez-Castro, Lukas Wenthaus, Steffen Palutke, Dmytro Kutnyakhov, Michael Heber, Federico Pressacco, Siarhei Dziarzhytski, Helena Gleißner, Verena Kristin Gupta, H. Redlin, Adriel Domínguez, Thomas Frauenheim, Ángel Rubio, Andreas Stierle, Heshmat Noei
Abstract
We present a femtosecond time-resolved optical pump-soft x-ray probe photoemission study in which we follow the dynamics of charge transfer at the interface of water and anatase TiO_{2}(101). By combining our observation of transient oxygen O 1s core level peak shifts at submonolayer water coverages with Ehrenfest molecular dynamics simulations we find that ultrafast interfacial hole transfer from TiO_{2} to molecularly adsorbed water is completed within the 285 fs time resolution of the experiment. This is facilitated by the formation of a new hydrogen bond between an O_{2c} site at the surface and a physisorbed water molecule. The calculations fully corroborate our experimental observations and further suggest that this process is preceded by the efficient trapping of the hole at the surface of TiO_{2} by hydroxyl species (-OH), that form following the dissociative adsorption of water. At a water coverage exceeding a monolayer, interfacial charge transfer is suppressed. Our findings are directly applicable to a wide range of photocatalytic systems in which water plays a critical role.