Progress in <i>in situ</i> x-ray imaging of welding process
Xiaolin Zhang, Zijue Tang, Yi Wu, Oleg Devoino, Haowei Wang, Haowei Wang, Hongze Wang, Hongze Wang
Abstract
Welding has been widely used in industry for hundreds of years, and pursuing higher weld quality requires a better understanding of the welding process. The x-ray imaging technique is a powerful tool to in situ observe the inner characteristics of the melt pool in the welding process. Here, current progress in in situ x-ray imaging of the welding process is concluded, including the experiments based on the laboratory-based single x-ray imaging system, the laboratory-based double x-ray imaging system, and the synchrotron radiation tomography system. The corresponding experimental results with the in situ x-ray imaging technique about the formation and evolution of the keyhole, melt pool, pore, solidification crack, etc., have been introduced. A new understanding of welding based on the current progress in in situ x-ray imaging of additive manufacturing is concluded. In addition, the future development trend of applying x-ray imaging technology in the field of monitoring the welding process is proposed.