Strain engineering of two-dimensional multilayered heterostructures for beyond-lithium-based rechargeable batteries
Pan Xiong, Fan Zhang, Xiuyun Zhang, Shijian Wang, Hao Liu, Bing Sun, Jinqiang Zhang, Yi Sun, Renzhi Ma, Yoshio Bando, Cuifeng Zhou, Zongwen Liu, Takayoshi Sasaki, Guoxiu Wang
Abstract
Abstract Beyond-lithium-ion batteries are promising candidates for high-energy-density, low-cost and large-scale energy storage applications. However, the main challenge lies in the development of suitable electrode materials. Here, we demonstrate a new type of zero-strain cathode for reversible intercalation of beyond-Li + ions (Na + , K + , Zn 2+ , Al 3+ ) through interface strain engineering of a 2D multilayered VOPO 4 -graphene heterostructure. In-situ characterization and theoretical calculations reveal a reversible intercalation mechanism of cations in the 2D multilayered heterostructure with a negligible volume change. When applied as cathodes in K + -ion batteries, we achieve a high specific capacity of 160 mA h g −1 and a large energy density of ~570 W h kg −1 , presenting the best reported performance to date. Moreover, the as-prepared 2D multilayered heterostructure can also be extended as cathodes for high-performance Na + , Zn 2+ , and Al 3+ -ion batteries. This work heralds a promising strategy to utilize strain engineering of 2D materials for advanced energy storage applications.