Impact of harmful ions in seawater on electrolysis catalysts: challenges and mitigation strategies
Hanxiao Du, Tongming Sun, Minmin Wang, Yanfeng Tang, Yue Yang, Jiacheng Wang
Abstract
, are discussed, along with effective mitigation strategies. Solutions to mitigate the impact of anions on the anode, such as heterojunction engineering, nanostructure design and constructing anti-corrosion layers, are proposed. Anodic small molecule oxidation is employed as an alternative to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) to decrease the overall energy consumption. For the cationic interference on the cathode, strategies like maintaining the hydrophobicity of the electrode and electrolysis cell design are suggested. Finally, this review summarizes the remaining challenges, presents feasible solutions, and highlights key considerations for scaling up seawater electrolysis for commercial hydrogen production. This review provides valuable insights to accelerate the development of sustainable, large-scale seawater hydrogen production technologies.