Comparison of Drying Methods and Their Effect on the Stability of Graševina Grape Pomace Biologically Active Compounds
Tea Sokač, Veronika Gunjević, Anita Pušek, Ana Jurinjak Tušek, Filip Dujmić, Mladen Brnčić, Karin Kovačević Ganić, Tamara Jakovljević, Darko Uher, Grozdana Mitrić, Ivana Radojčić Redovniković
Abstract
Valorisation of grape pomace, a by-product of the winery industry, has been pushed into the spotlight in recent years since it can enable lower environmental impact, but it can also bring an added value to the wine production process by recovering several grape pomace biologically active compounds. The first step that allows for grape pomace reuse is its drying, which should be carefully performed in order to preserve the biologically active compounds’ stability. In this study, the effects of different drying methods on the stability of polyphenols, tannins and tartaric acid in grape pomace (Vitis vinifera) cv. Graševina were investigated. In particular, vacuum drying (at different temperatures: 35, 50 and 70 °C), conventional drying at 70 °C and open sun drying were performed and the drying kinetics was described using Peleg’s model. Considering the processing time and thermodynamics, vacuum drying at 70 °C was the most convenient processing method. Polyphenols were highly stable during drying, and slight degradation occurred during vacuum drying at 35 and 50 °C. Tannins and tartaric acid were more prone to degradation depending on the drying method applied and showed the greatest stability during vacuum drying at 70 °C.