Risk stratification refinements with inclusion of haemodynamic variables at follow-up in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Athénaïs Boucly, Antoine Beurnier, Ségolène Turquier, Mitja Jevnikar, Pascal de Groote, Ari Chaouat, Céline Cheron, Xavier Jaïs, François Picard, Grégoire Prévôt, Anne Roche, Sabina Solinas, Vincent Cottin, Fabrice Bauer, David Montani, Marc Humbert, Laurent Savale, Olivier Sitbon
Abstract
Background Haemodynamic variables are prognostic factors in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, right heart catheterisation (RHC) is not systematically recommended to assess the risk status during follow-up. This study aimed to assess the added value of haemodynamic variables in prevalent patients to predict the risk of death or lung transplantation according to their risk status assessed by the non-invasive four-strata model as recommended by the European guidelines. Methods We evaluated incident patients with PAH enrolled in the French pulmonary hypertension registry between 2009 and 2020 who had a first follow-up RHC. Cox regression identified, in each follow-up risk status, haemodynamic variables significantly associated with transplant-free survival. Optimal thresholds were determined by time-dependent receiver operating characteristics. Several multivariable Cox regression models were performed to identify the haemodynamic variables improving the non-invasive risk stratification model. Results We analysed 1240 incident patients reassessed within 1 year by RHC. None of the haemodynamic variables were significantly associated with transplant-free survival among low-risk (n=386) or high-risk (n=71) patients. Among patients at intermediate (intermediate-low, n=483 and intermediate-high, n=300) risk at first follow-up, multivariable models including either stroke volume index (SVI) or mixed venous oxygen saturation ( S vO 2 ) were the best. The prognostic performance of a refined six-strata risk stratification model including the non-invasive four-strata model and SVI >37 mL·m −2 and/or S vO 2 >65% for patients at intermediate risk (area under the curve (AUC) 0.81; c-index 0.74) was better than that of the four-strata model (AUC 0.79, p=0.009; c-index 0.72). Conclusion Cardiopulmonary haemodynamics may improve risk stratification at follow-up in patients at intermediate risk.