Caspian Sea and Black Sea Response to Greenhouse Warming in a High‐Resolution Global Climate Model
Lei Huang, Sun‐Seon Lee, Axel Timmermann
Abstract
Abstract The Caspian Sea and the Black Sea are the Earth's largest inland seas. How their temperature, circulation, and freshwater balance will respond to greenhouse warming remains unresolved. Previous studies have relied on coarse‐resolution coupled or regional uncoupled climate models with limited abilities to resolve regional features. Here, we present results from century‐long greenhouse warming simulations conducted with the Community Earth System Model using a global horizontal resolution of 1/10° in the ocean and inland seas and 1/4° in the atmosphere. In response to CO 2 doubling surface temperatures in the inland seas increase by about 2.5°C. An overall reduction of wind stress curl causes a spin‐down of the main gyre circulations, reaching about −20%/CO 2 doubling for the Black Sea Rim Current. Increased future evaporation translates to negative equivalent sea level trends of about −0.1 m/year/CO 2 doubling. The robust climate shifts presented here are likely to impact ecosystems, fisheries, and threaten existing coastal infrastructures.