An Overview of Surgical Approaches for Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty
Farzad R. Nahai, Feizollah Niazi, Foad Nahai, Sana Niazi, Jill A. Foster, Farideh Doroodgar, Alireza Baradaran‐Rafii, Vania Rashidi
Abstract
Age-related changes in the lower eyelid are noticed by patients as bags or circles under the eye, a tired look, and a flattened face. Lower eyelid blepharoplasty, in which the excess skin and/or orbital fat is excised and repositioned, is mainly performed for aesthetic reasons rather than the correction of functional abnormalities. Favorable outcomes for the combination of these approaches have been reported, but the most suitable surgical technique is still debated. This systematic narrative review deals with the indications, preoperative considerations, operative techniques, and complications of several different surgical approaches to lower eyelid blepharoplasty.