Protocatechuic Acid, a Gut Bacterial Metabolite of Black Raspberries, Inhibits Adenoma Development and Alters Gut Microbiome Profiles in <i>Apc</i><sup>Min/+</sup> Mice
Athena Dong, Chien‐Wei Lin, Carla Elena Echeveste, Yi‐Wen Huang, Kiyoko Oshima, Martha Yearsley, Xiao Chen, Jianhua Yu, Li‐Shu Wang
Abstract
levels in colonic mucosa. We further showed that 500 ppm PCA, but not 1,000 ppm PCA, increased IFN-γ and SMAD4 levels in primary cultured human natural killer cells. These results suggest that both BRBs and a lower dose PCA can benefit colorectal cancer patients by inhibiting the growth and proliferation of adenomas and promoting a more favorable gut microbiome condition.
Topics & Concepts
Protocatechuic acidColorectal cancerMetaboliteGut floraMicrobiomeAdenomaInternal medicineCarcinogenPharmacologyMedicineCancerBiologyGastroenterologyCancer researchImmunologyBiochemistryBioinformaticsAntioxidantGut microbiota and healthGinseng Biological Effects and ApplicationsGenomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress