Enhancing structural and magnetic properties of BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub> nanoparticles through co-substitution (Co-Mn): A promising approach for permanent magnet applications
Moatoshi, Sidananda Sarma, J. P. Borah
Abstract
Abstract In-depth study into the creation and improvement of rare-earth free permanent magnets, particularly ferrites, has been sparked by recent economic and environmental concerns. M-type barium hexaferrites (BaFe 12 O 19 , pure BHF) are a class of low-cost permanent magnets with an excellent curie temperature and good resistance to oxidation and corrosion that are significant from a technological perspective. In the current study, the experimental conditions are optimized to obtain barium hexaferrite (BaFe 12 O 19 ) co-substituted with transition elements (Co and Mn) (BaFe 12–2x Co x Mn x O 19 ) via the chemical co-precipitation method. In this framework, different substitution possibilities will be investigated. The structure, morphology, vibrational spectrum, and thermal stability of the generated nanoparticles were revealed using powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Rietveld refinement was used to estimate the average bond length and bond angle in order to determine the impact of superexchange interaction. Based on more precise structural characteristics, the atomic occupation and distribution of bonds are depicted from their charge density graph. For all the synthesized materials, the maximum energy product (BH) max and magnetic characteristics (VSM) were also investigated. The potential causes of this phenomenon were examined and discussed at length.