Tumor-derived miR-9-5p-loaded EVs regulate cholesterol homeostasis to promote breast cancer liver metastasis in mice
Meixin Li, Sheng Hu, He-Hua Lei, Yuan Meng, Li Xu, Wen-Kui Hou, Xiang-Jie Huang, Bing-Wen Xiao, Tinghe Yu, Xiaohui Zhang, Xiaoting Wu, Wen-Qiang Jing, Hyeon Jeong Lee, Juanjuan Li, 大崎 往夫, Limin Zhang, Wei Yan
Abstract
Cancer cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EV) encapsulating bioactive cargoes to facilitate inter-organ communication in vivo and are emerging as critical mediators of tumor progression and metastasis, a condition which is often accompanied by a dysregulated cholesterol metabolism. Whether EVs are involved in the control of cholesterol homeostasis during tumor metastasis is still undefined and warrant further investigation. Here, we find that breast cancer-derived exosomal miR-9-5p induces the expression of HMGCR and CH25H, two enzymes involved in cholesterol synthesis and the conversion of 25-hydroxycholesterol from cholesterol by targeting INSIG1, INSIG2 and ATF3 genes in the liver. Notably, in vivo miR-9-5p antagomir treatment and genetic CH25H ablation prevents tumor metastasis in a mouse model of breast cancer. Thus, our findings reveal the regulatory mechanism of tumor-derived miR-9-5p in liver metastasis by linking oxysterol metabolism and Kupffer cell polarization, shedding light on future applications for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) critically regulate tumor development and progression. Here the authors show that, in a mouse model of breast cancer, miR-9-5p-loaded EVs promote cholesterol biosynthesis and conversion into the oncometabolite 25-hydroxycholesterol, favoring immune evasion and promoting liver metastasis.