Utilization of propranolol hydrochloride mucoadhesive invasomes as a locally acting contraceptive: <i>in-vitro</i> , <i>ex-vivo,</i> and <i>in-vivo</i> evaluation
Mahmoud H. Teaima, Moaz A. Eltabeeb, Mohamed A. El-Nabarawi, Menna M. Abdellatif
Abstract
investigations. The optimum INV showed a spherical shape with EE% of 65.01 ± 1.24%, PS of 243.75 ± 8.13 nm, PDI of 0.203 ± 0.01, ZP of 49.80 ± 0.42 mV, and Q6h of 53.16 ± 0.73%. Differential scanning calorimetry study asserted the capability of INVs to entrap PNL. Permeation studies confirmed the desired sustained effect of PNL-loaded INVs-gel compared to PNL-gel, INVs, and PNL solution. Sperm motility assay proved the potency of INVs-gel to inhibit sperm motility. Besides, the histopathological investigation verified the tolerability of the prepared INVs-gel. Taken together, the gained data justified the efficacy of PNL-loaded INVs-gel as a potential locally acting contraceptive.