Noncontact measurement of bolt axial force in tightening processes using scattered laser ultrasonic waves
So Kitazawa, Yong Lee, Rikesh Patel
Topics & Concepts
Ultrasonic sensorUltrasoundAcousticsLaserOpticsWaveformFlatteningMachiningSpeckle patternMaterials scienceLaser ultrasonicsEngineeringPhysicsDiode-pumped solid-state laserUltrafast laser spectroscopyVoltageMetallurgyElectrical engineeringComposite materialUltrasonics and Acoustic Wave PropagationFlow Measurement and AnalysisNon-Destructive Testing Techniques