Serum amyloid P component: Structure, biological activity, and application in diagnosis and treatment of immune-associated diseases
Haixia Wang, Yadan Nie, Zuoli Sun, Yi He, Jian Yang
Abstract
Serum amyloid P component (SAP) is a member the innate immune humoral arm and participated in various processes, including the innate immune responses, tissue remodeling, and the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Remarkably, SAP is a highly versatile immunomodulatory factor that can serve as a drug target for treating amyloid diseases and reduce inflammation, fibrosis degree, and respiratory disease. In this review, we focus on the biological activities of SAP and its application in different systemic immune-associated diseases. First, we reviewed the regulatory effects of SAP on innate immune cells and possible mechanisms. Second, we emphasized SAP as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for immune-associated diseases, including the neuropsychiatric disorders. Third, we presented several recommendations for regulating SAP in immune cell function and potential areas for future research. Some authorities consider SAP to be a pattern recognition molecule that plays multiple roles in the innate immune system and inflammation. Developing therapeutics that target SAP or its associated signaling pathways may be a promising strategy for treating immune-associated diseases. • This review highlights the effects of SAP as a multifunctional immunomodulator on inflammation, pathogenic infections, and tissue remodeling. • This review summarizes the use of SAP as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in immune-related diseases such as amyloidosis, fibrosis, cardiovascular, respiratory, and neuropsychiatric disorders. • This review presents the potential of SAP in the study of the mechanism of action in the central nervous system and hopes to carry out targeted interventions based on SAP.