Impact of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles on functional and antimicrobial activity of starch nanocomposite film; A review
Muhammed Navaf, Kappat Valiyapeediyekkal Sunooj, Basheer Aaliya, Plachikkattu Parambil Akhila, Cherakkathodi Sudheesh, Shabir Ahmad Mir, Johnsy George
Abstract
Plastic polymers have great utility in the industrial community, especially in packaging. But its non-biodegradability and health risks led to the exploration of bioplastics. Bioplastics originated from natural polymers and are eco-friendly, renewable, and sustainable materials. Starch-based bioplastics are highly explored over other bioplastics from protein and lipids. Bioplastics have several shortcomings, such as low strength, low thermal stability, high water vapor transmission rate, etc. Hence, bioplastics are reinforced with additives like fibers and various nanoparticles (Ns) to overcome these limitations. Metal and metal oxide Ns is one of the commonly used additives in bioplastic to enhance its functional properties and applications. Despite the remarkable benefits of the metal and metal oxide Ns, the relevant information related to the starch- metal/metal oxide nanocomposite is still insufficient and needs to be explored. This work aims to present a comprehensive review of current techniques for synthesizing starch/metal and metal oxide nanocomposites and their properties, extending the fundamental knowledge. Furthermore, this review deals with the antimicrobial activity and the possible applications of starch/metal and metal oxide nanocomposites.