MIGRATION OF HEAVY METALS IN THE SOIL PROFILE
L Yakovets
Abstract
The problem of pollution of the soil environment with heavy metals is analyzed. Of particular importance is the profile migration of pollutants, which occurs most intensively in spring, autumn and summer with a large amount of precipitation, when there are intense descending flows of soil moisture. The migration of heavy metals is limited by the processes of their deposition on geochemical barriers. The study of the profile migration and accumulation of heavy metals showed that metals have an unequal behavior in soils, a change in their content along the profile is noted. The article examines the dynamics of the distribution of mobile forms of heavy metals in various soils of the Vinnitsa region, provides the results of determining the pH in these soils. It has been established that trace elements in the form of inorganic salts are effective on acidic soils. In soils with a reaction close to neutral, their effectiveness decreases tenfold. In neutral and slightly alkaline soils, inorganic salts cannot contain trace elements in a water-soluble form, that is, in a form accessible to plants, and their effectiveness tends to zero. Analyzing soil contamination with lead, cadmium, zinc and copper, it was found that their content was 8.1 times lower than the MPC, 5.38, 21.4 and 5.0 times, respectively. A high content of heavy metals in the soil was observed for zinc, compared with lead, cadmium and copper, it was 1.44, 8.23 and 1.78 times higher, respectively.