Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Diabetic Foot Ulcers Based on Wagner Grading: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Mendy Hatibie Oley, Maximillian Christian Oley, Billy J. Kepel, Muhammad Faruk, Angelica M. J. Wagiu, Irawan Sukarno, Marcella Tirsa Tulong, Vania Sukarno
Abstract
Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are common complications of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus that can result in infection and amputation of the lower extremities. This study compared the benefits and risks of hyperbaric oxygen therapy with those of other DFU treatments, based on the Wagner grading system. Methods: Systematic searches for randomly controlled trials using hyperbaric oxygen therapy for DFUs were performed using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase. Data regarding demographics, wound healing, minor and major amputations, operative debridement, nonhealing wounds, and adverse effects were analyzed based on Wagner grades, using RevMan 5.4.1 and Microsoft Excel. Results: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was significantly superior to other treatments for wound healing rates 8 or more weeks after the final treatment (RR = 2.39; 1.87–3.05; P < 0.00001) minor/distal amputations (RR = 0.58; 0.43–0.80; P < 0.007), and major/proximal amputations (RR = 0.31; 0.18–0.52; P < 0.00001) for the 14 studies analyzed. In addition, this therapy increased the rate of complete wound healing for Wagner grades II (RR = 21.11; 3.05–146.03; P = 0.002), III (RR = 19.58; 2.82–135.94, P = 0.003), and IV (RR = 17.53; 2.45–125.44; P = 0.004); decreased the minor/distal amputation rate for grade III (RR = 0.06; 0.01–0.29; P = 0.0004) and the major/proximal amputation rate on for grade IV (RR = 0.08; 0.03–0.25; P < 0.0001); and decreased the operative debridement rate for Wagner grade II (RR = 0.09; 0.01–0.60; P = 0.01). Conclusions: Moderate-quality evidence revealed that adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy improved DFU wound healing for Wagner grades II, III, and IV; prevented minor and major amputations for grades III and IV, respectively; and prevented operative debridement in grade II wounds.