Recent advances in nanostructure-enhanced optical assays focused on luminescence-based biosensors for detection of cancer biomarkers
Hessamaddin Sohrabi, Roghayeh Mahmoudi-Maleki, Mir Reza Majidi, Fatemeh Oroojalian, Amir Ali Mokhtarzadeh, Miguel de la Guárdia
Abstract
A biomarker may be a molecule secreted by a tumor or a specific response of the body to the presence of cancer cells. Cancer biomarkers include a wide range of biological factors such as proteins, cytogenetic and cytokinetic parameters, etc., which are very efficient in diagnosing cancer in the early stages and monitoring the treatment process. In this review, recent advances on optical-based sensing platforms focused on luminescence-based biosensors regrading cancer detection has been investigated. At first various optical sensing assays, their analytical features, and different classifications have been comprehensively explained. Then, the main goal of the provided paper which is to create a coherent connection between the analytical approaches and the diagnosis of different types of cancer biomarkers, has been effectively addressed. Furthermore, brief and specialized explanations are given about significant cancer biomarkers, and then the recent developments in various optical methods focused on luminescence-based biosensors for sensitive determination of cancer biomarkers along with their sensing mechanisms, limitations, and advantages of their application for detection of cancer biomarkers have been mentioned. Additionally, applying variety of porous nanomaterials in fabrication process for optical-based sensors have been stated, which can play a substantial role in the enhancing the sensitivity of the developed sensing platform. Finally, important points in development of the relevant optical biosensors through various challenges, final conclusion and future outlooks in this regard have been completely discussed. According to recent developments, cancer diagnosis based on multidisciplinary technology is an efficient alternative to conventional techniques which are promising approaches for quick diagnosis and treatment in future research works.