Genetic risk scores and hallucinations in patients with Parkinson disease
Cynthia Kusters, Kimberly C. Paul, Aline Duarte Folle, Adrienne M. Keener, Jeff M. Bronstein, Valerija Dobričić, Ole‐Bjørn Tysnes, Lars Bertram, Guido Alves, Janet S. Sinsheimer, Christina M. Lill, Jodi Maple‐Grødem, Beate Ritz
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We examine the hypothesized overlap of genetic architecture for Alzheimer disease (AD), schizophrenia (SZ), and Parkinson disease (PD) through the use of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) with the occurrence of hallucinations in PD. METHODS: We used 2 population-based studies (ParkWest, Norway, and Parkinson's Environment and Gene, USA) providing us with 399 patients with PD with European ancestry and a PD diagnosis after age 55 years to assess the associations between 4 PRSs and hallucinations after 5 years of mean disease duration. Based on the existing genome-wide association study of other large consortia, 4 PRSs were created: one each using AD, SZ, and PD cohorts and another PRS for height, which served as a negative control. RESULTS: (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.14-3.22). In addition, a suggestive decrease and increase, respectively, in hallucination prevalence were observed with the SZ-PRS and the PD-PRS (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.59-1.01; and OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 0.95-1.76, respectively). No association was observed with the height PRS. CONCLUSIONS: .