Eco-Friendly Synthesis of MnO2 Nanorods Using Gmelina arborea Fruit Extract and Its Anticancer Potency Against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line
Chandrashekar Srinivasa, SR Santosh Kumar, Sushma Pradeep, Shashanka K Prasad, Ravindra Veerapur, Mohammad Azam Ansari, Mohammad N Alomary, Saad Alghamdi, Mazen Almehmadi, Kavitha GC, Azharuddin B Daphedar, Siddappa B Kakkalameli, Chandan Shivamallu, Shiva Prasad Kollur
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer disease is known due to its unregulated proliferation of cells that have evolved from the body’s regular cells. The disease develops as a result of epigenetic and genetic modifications, tumor suppressor gene inactivation, and oncogene activation. The present work describes an environmentally benign approach for the synthesis of manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO 2 NPs) using Gmelina arborea fruit extract (GAE) in an aqueous medium. Methods: The study evaluated the formation of MnO 2 NPs and their anticancer efficacy against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Results: The formation of MnO 2 NPs was confirmed through powder X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The crystalline nature of as-prepared MnO 2 NPs was evident from XRD pattern. The morphology of the material was studied using SEM analysis, which suggested a rod-like nature with an average diameter of 50 nm. Further, the TEM and HR-TEM images confirmed the rod shape of the as-prepared MnO2 NPs with an interplanar distance of 0.271 nm. In addition, the concentric rings from selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis show the crystalline nature of the as-prepared material, which further supports the obtained XRD pattern. The anticancer efficacy of MnO 2 NPs was evaluated against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, which showed up to 96% inhibition of the cells at 400 μg/mL concentration. Conclusion: Bio-conjugation of MnO 2 NPs can provide enough scope for the therapeutic use of Gmelina arborea , assuming appropriate mechanistic evaluations are conducted. Keywords: Gmelina arborea , MnO 2 NPs, HR-TEM, MCF-7