Observations of Forbush Decreases of Cosmic-Ray Electrons and Positrons with the Dark Matter Particle Explorer
Francesca Alemanno, Qi An, P. Azzarello, Felicia Barbato, P. Bernardini, Xiao-Jun Bi, Mingsheng Cai, Elisabetta Casilli, Enrico Catanzani, Jin Chang, DengYi Chen, Junling Chen, Zhanfang Chen, Maxwell Cui, Tianshu Cui, YuXing Cui, Haoting Dai, A. De Benedittis, I. De Mitri, Francesco de Palma, M. Deliyergiyev, Margherita Di Santo, Qi Ding, Tiekuang Dong, Zhenxing Dong, Giacinto Donvito, David Droz, Jinglai Duan, Kai-Kai Duan, D. D’Urso, Ruirui Fan, Yi-Zhong Fan, F. Fang, Kun Fang, C. Q. Feng, Lei Feng, P. Fusco, Min Gao, F. Gargano, Ke Gong, Yizhong Gong, D. Y. Guo, Jianhua Guo, Shuang-Xue Han, Yi-Ming Hu, GuangShun Huang, Xiaoyuan Huang, Yong-Yi Huang, Maria Ionica, Wei Jiang, Jie Kong, Andrii Kotenko, Dimitrios Kyratzis, Shaoquan Li, Shijun Lei, Wenhao Li, Weiliang Li, Xiang Li, Xianqiang Li, Yao‐Ming Liang, Chengming Liu, Hao Liu, Jie Liu, Shubin Liu, Yang Liu, F. Loparco, ChuanNing Luo, Miao Ma, Peng-Xiong Ma, Tao Ma, XiaoYong Ma, G. Marsella, M. N. Mazziotta, Dan Mo, X. Y. Niu, Xu Pan, A. Parenti, Wen-Xi Peng, Xiao-Yan Peng, C. Perrina, Rui Qiao, J. N. Rao, Arshia Ruina, M. M. Salinas, Zhi Shangguan, Weihua Shen, Zhao-Qiang Shen, Zhongtao Shen, Leandro Silveri, J. X. Song, M. Stolpovskiy, Hong Su, Meng Su, H. R. Sun, Z. Sun, A. Surdo, XueJian Teng, A. Tykhonov, Jinzhou Wang, Lianguo Wang
Abstract
Abstract The Forbush decrease (FD) represents the rapid decrease of the intensities of charged particles accompanied with the coronal mass ejections or high-speed streams from coronal holes. It has been mainly explored with the ground-based neutron monitor network, which indirectly measures the integrated intensities of all species of cosmic rays by counting secondary neutrons produced from interaction between atmospheric atoms and cosmic rays. The space-based experiments can resolve the species of particles but the energy ranges are limited by the relatively small acceptances except for the most abundant particles like protons and helium. Therefore, the FD of cosmic-ray electrons and positrons have just been investigated by the PAMELA experiment in the low-energy range (<5 GeV) with limited statistics. In this paper, we study the FD event that occurred in 2017 September with the electron and positron data recorded by the Dark Matter Particle Explorer. The evolution of the FDs from 2 GeV to 20 GeV with a time resolution of 6 hr are given. We observe two solar energetic particle events in the time profile of the intensity of cosmic rays, the earlier, and weaker, one has not been shown in the neutron monitor data. Furthermore, both the amplitude and recovery time of fluxes of electrons and positrons show clear energy dependence, which is important in probing the disturbances of the interplanetary environment by the coronal mass ejections.