Cyber-Physical Integration for Future Green Seaports: Challenges, State of the Art and Future Prospects
Ying Lü, Sidun Fang, Guanhong Chen, Tao Niu, Ruijin Liao
Abstract
To achieve the “carbon neutrality” target, multiple heterogeneous energy networks are integrated within seaport areas to form a special energy system with tight “transportation-energy” coupling, which brings massive information exchanges between different networks and therefore motivates the cyber-physical integration of seaports. This paper first summarizes the activity clusters and the promising technologies for future green seaports. After that, the cyber-physical integration framework within seaport area is promoted and the typical operating strategies are overviewed. Then the physical models of seaport are provided with a solid literature survey. At last, this paper proposes three key problems for the cyber-physical integration within seaport areas: the hybrid cyber-physical model in seaport, the economy of cyber-physical system in seaport and the resilience of cyber-physical system in seaport.