Biofortification strategies for enhancing crop nutritional value: a review of methods, challenges, and future directions
Asad Azeem, Sana Khan, Muhammad Zia Ul Haq, Saira Shafiq, Muhammad Aslam, Salman Munir, Muhammad Sikandar Zaman
Abstract
The inadequate intake of vital micronutrients causes significant health risks in human beings. In low- and middle-income countries, the major obstacles causing micronutrient deficiencies are low personal budgets, unavailability of dietary supplementation, and lack of dietary diversity. Looking at the scenario, biofortification is an effective solution that improves the nutritive value of staple crops by augmenting molecular breeding and agronomic practices. The present review explores various crop enhancement methods in the context of biofortification, stretching from genetic manipulation to breeding and agronomic practices, and evaluates how well they work to address micronutrient deficiencies and enhance health. The present review focuses on biofortification programs' achievements and future directions through a systematic assessment of recent research and implementation efforts. In crux, the review augments the body of knowledge validating biofortification's critical role in the endeavour to create a healthier and more robust future.