Nutritional and toxicological aspects of selected wild edible plants and significance for this society

Abstract

Consumption of wild edible plants has played a significant role in supplying food and nutritional requirements and increasing the health status of underprivileged communities in many rural parts of the world. The present investigation was to evaluate the nutritive value , mineral content, vitamin content, and toxicological status of ten wild edible plants viz. Phlogocanthus thrysiflorus, Lasia spinosa, Eriosema chinense, Polygonum microcephalum, Nasturtium indicum, Spinacia oleracea, Malva parviflora, Leucaena leucocephala , Elsholtzia blanda, and Sonchus oleraceus , consumed by the tribal people of Meghalaya State in India, as their nourishment. All investigated plants were collected from different areas of Meghalaya state, and their nutraceutical potential was evaluated following the standard food analysis methods described in the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Protein contents were very high in several species, especially in N. indicum (24.75%). Carbohydrate content ranged from 5.86% ( S. oleracea ) to 21.28% ( E. chinense ). All plants contained significant amounts of minerals (Na, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Mg), and water soluble vitamins such as vitamin C (0.24–5.79 mg/100 g of dry plant material), B1, B2, B3, B5, B6 and B9. Antinutrients such as oxalate, phytate, saponin and heavy metal (Pb, Cr, Cd, Hg) levels in all plants were estimated below fatal levels. The consequences of haemolytic toxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of water extracts of wild edible plants ensure safety for human consumption. Therefore, this study focuses on the utilization of wild edible plants as a source of dietary supplements, which may result in the commercialization of the produce; hence, it assesses consumer perceptions towards wild edible plants in India. • Evaluation of nutritive value , minerals content, vitamin content, anti-nutritional properties and toxicity studies of five wild edible plants. • The result showed that these plants are rich wellsprings of protein, carbohydrate, minerals and vitamins. The heavy metals and anti-nutrients were recognized which are below the harmful levels. • The result of haemolytic toxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of aqueous extracts of each wild plants ensure the safety at cell and genomic level and furthermore safe to consume and sustainable utilization. • So the development of these wild edible plants should be incorporated in enormous scale, which will deliver financial advantages for poor farmers.

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