Electrochemical Sensor for Methamphetamine Detection Using Laser-Induced Porous Graphene Electrode
Kasrin Saisahas, Asamee Soleh, Sunita Somsiri, Patthamaporn Senglan, Kiattisak Promsuwan, Jenjira Saichanapan, Proespichaya Kanatharana, Panote Thavarungkul, Khai Lee, Kah Haw Chang, Ahmad Fahmi Lim Abdullah, Kunanunt Tayayuth, Warakorn Limbut
Abstract
A 3D porous graphene structure was directly induced by CO2 laser from the surface of Kapton tape (carbon source) supported by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) laminating film. A highly flexible laser-induced porous graphene (LI-PGr) electrode was then fabricated via a facile one-step method without reagent and solvent in a procedure that required no stencil mask. The method makes pattern design easy, and production cost-effective and scalable. We investigated the performance of the LI-PGr electrode for the detection of methamphetamine (MA) on household surfaces and in biological fluids. The material properties and morphology of LI-PGr were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) and Raman spectroscopy. The LI-PGr electrode was used as the detector in a portable electrochemical sensor, which exhibited a linear range from 1.00 to 30.0 µg mL−1 and a detection limit of 0.31 µg mL−1. Reproducibility was good (relative standard deviation of 2.50% at 10.0 µg mL−1; n = 10) and anti-interference was excellent. The sensor showed good precision and successfully determined MA on household surfaces and in saliva samples.