Three-Dimensional <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Cs</mml:mi><mml:mi>Pb</mml:mi><mml:mi>Cl</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> Perovskite Anode for Quasi-Solid-State <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"><mml:mi>Li</mml:mi></mml:math>-Ion and Dual-Ion Batteries: Mechanism of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"><mml:msup><mml:mi>Li</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math> Conversion Process in Perovskite
Pulak Pal, A. Ghosh
Abstract
In this article, three-dimensional cubic phase ${\mathrm{Cs}\mathrm{Pb}\mathrm{Cl}}_{3}$ perovskite is implemented in a quasi-solid-state $\mathrm{lithium}$-ion battery and dual-ion battery as the anode material. A half-cell lithium-ion battery developed using a gel polymer electrolyte and ${\mathrm{Cs}\mathrm{Pb}\mathrm{Cl}}_{3}$ anode achieves specific discharge capacities of 275.2, 362.4, 508.7 and 612.3 mA h/g at current rates of 250, 200, 100 and 50 mA/g, respectively, with an average Coulombic efficiency of 88% via the conversion process. A lithium-metal-free dual-ion battery, assembled using conventional graphite powder as a cathode and a high capacity ${\mathrm{Cs}\mathrm{Pb}\mathrm{Cl}}_{3}$ anode utilizing the same electrolyte, represents a potential battery concept for energy storage technologies. The operating voltage of the dual-ion battery is 0 to 4.0 V and delivers specific discharge capacities of 44.7, 59.3, 78.4 and 96.8 mA h/g at current rates of 400, 200, 100, and 50 mA/g, respectively, providing 70% Coulombic efficiency and an average voltage of 2.53 V.