Optimization of the Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants from <i>Cistus Salvifolius</i> L. Using Response Surface Methodology

Abstract

Abstract The current work aims to optimize the ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) of Cistus salviifolius L. (aerial parts) antioxidative phenolic compounds using response surface methodology. A Box–Behnken design has been conducted to investigate the effect of four factors, namely: (i) percentage of ethanol (50–90 %, v/v), (ii) temperature (40–80 °C), (iii) solvent‐solid ratio (10–50 mL g −1 ) and (iv) extraction time (5–25 min) on four responses, namely: total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical inhibition, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Based on the desirability index, UAE with 50 % (v/v) ethanol, at 80 °C, using a solvent‐solid ratio of 32.24 mL g −1 , for 21 min resulted in the maximum recovery of phenolic antioxidants. Under optimum conditions, the experimental values of TPC, TFC, % DPPH radical scavenging activity, and FRAP were 171.67±4.69 mg GAE g −1 , 26.87±0.78 mg CE g −1 , 81.31±0.16 %, and 1038.22±7.69 μmol TE g −1 , respectively. Results shows a reasonable agreement of experimental values with the predicted ones; the absolute error values being in all cases lower than 2.90 %. The present work provide a developed eco‐friendly extarction method that is appropriate for the improved recovery of phenolic antioxidants from C. salviifolius L.

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