A New COVID-19 Pandemic Model including the Compartment of Vaccinated Individuals: Global Stability of the Disease-Free Fixed Point
Isra Al-Shbeil, Noureddine Djenina, Ali Jaradat, Abdallah Al-Husban, Adel Ouannas, Giuseppe Grassi
Abstract
Owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, which broke out in December 2019 and is still disrupting human life across the world, attention has been recently focused on the study of epidemic mathematical models able to describe the spread of the disease. The number of people who have received vaccinations is a new state variable in the COVID-19 model that this paper introduces to further the discussion of the subject. The study demonstrates that the proposed compartment model, which is described by differential equations of integer order, has two fixed points, a disease-free fixed point and an endemic fixed point. The global stability of the disease-free fixed point is guaranteed by a new theorem that is proven. This implies the disappearance of the pandemic, provided that an inequality involving the vaccination rate is satisfied. Finally, simulation results are carried out, with the aim of highlighting the usefulness of the conceived COVID-19 compartment model.