Evaluation of Factors Affecting Fluoride Release from Compomer Restorative Materials: A Systematic Review
Monika Oleniacz-Trawińska, Agnieszka Kotela, Julia Kensy, Sylwia Kiryk, Wojciech Dobrzyński, Jan Kiryk, Hanna Gerber, Magdalena Fast, Jacek Matys, Maciej Dobrzyński
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review evaluates the evidence on factors affecting fluoride release from compomer restorative materials to provide clinicians with insights for optimizing their use in caries prevention. METHODS: In February 2025, an extensive digital search was conducted across reputable databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The search utilized carefully chosen keywords: "fluoride release" AND "compomer" and followed the PRISMA guidelines. Initially, 287 articles were identified, but after applying the inclusion criteria, 34 studies were selected for review. RESULTS: This review found that fluoride release from compomers follows an initial burst phase before stabilizing at lower levels. Fifteen studies proved that compomers release less fluoride than glass ionomer cements but more than composite resins, as concluded from six studies. The release rate is significantly influenced by pH, with acidic conditions enhancing fluoride diffusion. Some studies also highlighted the potential for fluoride recharge through external applications such as toothpaste or varnish. CONCLUSION: Compomer restorative materials offer a steady, moderate fluoride release that supports caries prevention. Their effectiveness is enhanced in acidic environments, supporting their use in high-risk patients.