Nutritional management of type 2 diabetes in subjects with obesity: an international guideline for clinical practice
Luigi Barrea, Claudia Vetrani, Massimiliano Caprio, Marwan El Ghoch, Evelyn Frías-Toral, Rucha Mehta, Verna Méndez, Eleonora Moriconi, Stavroula Α. Paschou, Agnieszka Pazderska, Silvia Savastano, Annamaria Colao, Giovanna Muscogiuri
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity represent a global public health problem. Current nutritional recommendations focused on weight loss and overall dietary quality. However, there is no consensus on the optimal macronutrient composition of the diet, particularly for the long-term management of T2DM in subjects with obesity. An international panel of experts reviewed and critically appraised the updated literature published on the topic. This review primarily examines the evidence for areas of consensus and uncertainty about nutritional therapy in patients with T2DM and obesity. The aim of this article is to provide nutritional advice to manage these patients in clinical practice.