Pulp and paper industry wastewater treatment: use of microbes and their enzymes
Chhotu Ram, Pushpa Rani, Kibrom Alebel Gebru, Mebrhit Gebremariam Abrha
Abstract
Abstract Pulp and paper industry is coming under one of the most water polluting industries, and generated wastewater is highly toxic in nature. The paper mill requires huge quantity (~50–60 m 3 of water to produce one ton of paper) of water, and accordingly huge quantity of chemical contaminated wastewater is discharged. The paper mill effluents have identified 240–250 chemicals in different stages of paper making. Various chemical constituents such as high chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, AOX, chlorinated compounds, color, suspended materials, lignin and their derivatives are released in the wastewater. The present review study is focused on the paper mill processes, wastewater generation and its effective treatment by microorganisms. The biological treatment has been identified as cost-effective and eco-friendly methods for the degradation of xenobiotic compounds for paper mill wastewater. Various studies have been performed so far to investigate the complex nature of wastewater by the application of bacteria, fungi and their enzymes at industrial scale. Therefore, the article discussed the importance of biological method as an effective technique for the degradation of paper mill wastewater.