Patellofemoral Syndrome: a Review of Diagnosis and Treatment
Omar Walli, Marissa McCay, Timothy Tiu
Abstract
Abstract Purpose of Review Patellofemoral syndrome (PFS) is a common condition seen in people with anterior knee pain. This review explores patient presentations and exam maneuvers used for diagnosis, as well as established/up-and-coming treatment interventions. Recent Findings Pain reduction and prevention are the main goals for PFS as they negatively affect quality of life. Combination hip and knee exercises have been found to be most beneficial during therapy due to the multifactorial etiology of PFS. Combining exercise therapy with patellar taping has also shown a reduction in acute pain. Ultrasound may be used to evaluate for associated findings. Blood flow restriction and trigger point injections are options that may be helpful for pain reduction but further research is required. Summary PFS is a common clinical diagnosis requiring a robust patient history, supported by various physical exam maneuvers. Treatment involves a patient tailored approach, often with combinations of conservative management and interventional procedures.