A Vehicle-to-Vehicle Wireless Energy Sharing Scheme Using Blockchain
Aparna Kumari, Sudeep Tanwar
Abstract
Electric Vehicles (EVs) have emerged in smart cities as one of the prominent solutions to improve environmental protection and reduce carbon gas emissions. However, with limited charging stations and battery life, EV owners are not inclined to cover long distances. So, Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) has been introduced lately for energy sharing among EVs through the wireless power transfer (WPT) mechanism in the Internet of EVs (IoEV) environment. But the existing approaches suffered from security and privacy issues along with single-point-of-failure with energy trading between EVs. So, in this paper, we propose a blockchain-based V2V wireless energy sharing scheme, i.e., V2V-ES, to ensure secure transactions among EVs in the WPT process. First, the energy sharing is executed in a clustered IoEV environment, where block generation, validator selection, and PoA consensus processes are performed in every cluster. Next, the Bayesian game-based mechanism is adopted for optimal energy price in the IoEV environment. Here, a linear equilibrium strategy is obtained for optimal pricing that maximizes the utilities of both energy buyer and seller in the energy sharing process and increases social welfare. The game-based pricing is achieved through dedicated smart contracts (SCs) to guarantee trustworthiness, reliability, and security. Finally, the simulation results show the proposed V2V-ES scheme reduces the buyer's costs by 16% and increases the seller's utility by 19%. Moreover, the effectiveness of V2V-ES scheme is compared with benchmark approaches based on various parameters like network latency, system throughput, and optimal transaction price.