Wireless modulation classification based on Radon transform and convolutional neural networks
Hanan S. Ghanem, Rasha M. Al‐Makhlasawy, Walid El‐Shafai, Maha Elsabrouty, Hesham F. A. Hamed, Gerges M. Salama, Fathi E. Abd El-Samie
Abstract
Abstract Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are efficient tools for pattern recognition applications. They have found applications in wireless communication systems such as modulation classification from constellation diagrams. Unfortunately, noisy channels may render the constellation points deformed and scattered, which makes the classification a difficult task. This paper presents an efficient modulation classification algorithm based on CNNs. Constellation diagrams are generated for each modulation type and used for training and testing of the CNNs. The proposed work depends on the application of Radon Transform (RT) to generate more representative patterns for the constellation diagrams to be used for training and testing. The RT has a good ability to represent discrete points in the spatial domain as curved lines. Several pre-trained networks including AlexNet, VGG-16, and VGG-19 are used as classifiers for modulation type from the spatial-domain constellation diagrams or their RTs. Several simulation experiments are presented in this paper to compare different scenarios for modulation classification at different Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs) and fading channel conditions.