Clemastine Inhibits the Biofilm and Hemolytic of Staphylococcus aureus through the GdpP Protein
Yongpeng Shang, Jie Guo, Yuxi Zhao, Junwen Chen, Qingyin Meng, Di Qu, Jinxin Zheng, Zhijian Yu, Yang Wu, Qiwen Deng
Abstract
The biofilm formation, which protects bacteria from stresses, including antibiotics and host immune responses, can be commonly found in clinical S. aureus isolates worldwide. Treatment failure of traditional antibiotics in biofilm-associated S. aureus infections remains a serious challenge. The novel anti-biofilm drug is urgently needed to address the looming crisis. In this study, clemastine, which is a histamine receptor H1 (HRH1) antagonist, was found to have a novel role of the significant inhibition against the biofilm formation and hemolytic activity of S. aureus and enhanced antibacterial activity against S. aureus when used in combination with oxacillin by targeting the GdpP protein. The discovery of this study identified novel use and mechanism of action of clemastine as a potential anti-biofilm drug for clinical application for S. aureus infectious.